Composite materials : design and applications / Daniel Gay.

Translation of: Matériaux composites.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 595-598) and index.

Section I: Principles of Construction -- Composite Materials: Interest and Physical Properties -- What Is a Composite Material-- Broad Definition -- Main Features -- Fibers and Matrices -- Fibers -- Materials for Matrices -- What Can Be Made Using Composite Materials -- A Typical Example of Interest -- Some Examples of Classical Design Replaced by Composite Solutions -- Main Physical Properties -- Manufacturing Processes -- Molding Processes -- Contact Molding -- Compression Molding -- Vacuum Molding -- Resin Injection Molding -- Injection Molding with Prepreg -- Foam Injection Molding -- Molding of Hollow Axisymmetric Components -- Other Forming Processes -- Sheet Forming -- Profile Forming -- Forming by Stamping -- Preforming by Three-Dimensional Assembly -- Automated Tape Laying and Fiber Placement -- Practical Considerations on Manufacturing Processes -- Acronyms -- Cost Comparison -- Ply Properties -- Isotropy and Anisotropy -- Isotropic Materials -- Anisotropic Material -- Characteristics of the Reinforcement/Matrix Mixture -- Fiber Mass Fraction -- Fiber Volume Fraction -- Mass Density of a Ply -- Ply Thickness -- Unidirectional Ply -- Elastic Modulus -- Ultimate Strength of a Ply -- Examples -- Examples of High-Performance Unidirectional Plies -- Woven Ply -- Forms of Woven Fabrics -- Elastic Modulus of Fabric Layer -- Examples of Balanced Fabric/Epoxy -- Mats and Reinforced Matrices -- Mats -- Example: A Summary of Glass/Epoxy Layers -- Microspherical Fillers -- Other Classical Reinforcements -- Multidimensional Fabrics -- Example: A 4D Architecture of Carbon Reinforcement -- Example: Three-Dimensional Carbon/Carbon Components -- Metal Matrix Composites -- Some Examples -- Unidirectional Fibers/Aluminum Matrix -- Biocomposite Materials -- Natural Plant Fibers -- Natural Vegetable Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Manufacturing Processes -- Nanocomposite Materials -- Nanoreinforcement -- Nanocomposite Material -- Mechanical Applications -- Manufacturing of Nanocomposite Materials -- Tests -- Sandwich Structures -- What Is a Sandwich Structure -- Their Properties Are Surprising -- Constituent Materials -- Simplified Flexure -- Stress -- Displacements -- Some Special Features of Sandwich Structures -- Comparison of Mass for the Same Flexural Rigidity -- Deterioration by Buckling of Sandwich Structures -- Other Types of Damage -- Manufacturing and Design Problems -- Example of Core Material: Honeycomb -- Shaping Processes -- Inserts and Attachment Fittings -- Repair of Laminated Facings -- Nondestructive Inspection -- Main Nondestructive Inspection Methods -- Acoustic Emission Testing -- Conception: Design and Drawing -- Drawing a Composite Part -- Specific Properties -- Guide Values of Presizing -- Laminate -- Unidirectional Layers and Fabrics -- Correct Ply Orientation -- Laminate Drawing Code -- Arrangement of Plies -- Failure of Laminates -- Damages -- Most Frequently Used Criterion: Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion -- Presizing of the Laminate -- Modulus of Elasticity-Deformation of a Laminate -- Case of Simple Loading -- Complex Loading Case: Approximative Proportions according to Orientations -- Complex Loading Case: Optimum Composition of a Laminate -- Notes for Practical Use Concerning Laminates -- Conception: Fastening and Joining -- Riveting and Bolting -- Local Loss of Strength -- Main Failure Modes in Bolted Joints of Composite Materials -- Sizing of the Joint -- Riveting -- Bolting -- Bonding -- Adhesives Used -- Geometry of the Bonded Joints -- Sizing of the Bonding Surface Area -- Case of Bonded Joint with Cylindrical Geometry -- Examples of Bonding -- Inserts -- Case of Sandwich Parts -- Case of Parts under Uniaxial Loads -- Composite Materials and Aerospace Construction -- Aircraft -- Composite Components in Aircraft -- Allocation of Composites Depending on Their Nature -- Few Comments -- Specific Aspects of Structural Strength -- Large Transport Aircraft -- Regional Aircraft and Business Jets -- Light Aircraft -- Fighter Aircraft -- Architecture and Manufacture of Composite Aircraft Parts -- Braking Systems -- Helicopters -- Situation -- Composite Areas -- Blades -- Rotor Hub -- Other Working Composite Parts -- Airplane Propellers -- Propellers for Conventional Aerodynamics -- High-Speed Propellers -- Aircraft Reaction Engine -- Employed Materials -- Refractory Composites -- Space Applications -- Satellites -- Propellant Tanks and Pressure Vessels -- Nozzles -- Other Composite Components for Space Application -- Composite Materials for Various Applications -- Comparative Importance of Composites in Applications -- Relative Importance in terms of Mass and Market Value -- Mass of Composites Implemented according to the Geographical Area -- Average Prices -- Composite Materials and Automotive Industry -- Introduction -- Composite Parts -- Research and Development -- Motor Racing -- Wind Turbines -- Components -- Manufacturing Processes -- Composites and Shipbuilding -- Competition -- Vessels -- Sports and Leisure -- Skis -- Bicycles -- Tennis Rackets -- Diverse Applications -- Pressure Gas Bottle -- Bogie Frame -- Tubes for Offshore Installations -- Biomechanical Applications -- Cable Car -- Section I: Principles of Construction -- Composite Materials: Interest and Physical Properties -- Manufacturing Processes -- Ply Properties -- Sandwich Structures -- Conception: Design and Drawing -- Conception: Fastening and Joining -- Composite Materials and Aerospace Construction -- Composite Materials for Various Applications -- Section II: Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Materials -- Anisotropic Elastic Medium -- Elastic Constants of Unidirectional Composites -- Elastic Constants of a Ply in Any Direction -- Mechanical Behavior of Thin Laminated Plates -- Section III: Justifications, Composite Beams, and Thick Laminated Plates -- Elastic Coefficients -- Damage in Composite Parts: Failure Criteria -- Bending of Composite Beams of Any Section Shape -- Torsion of Composite Beams of Any Section Shape -- Bending of Thick Composite Plates -- Section IV: Applications -- Applications Level 1 -- Applications Level 2 -- Applications Level 3 -- Appendix A: Stresses in the Plies of a Carbon/Epoxy Laminate Loaded in Its Plane -- Appendix B: Buckling of Orthotropic Structures.

The author has worked out many practical problems in closed form. Such solutions are useful to see the effects of parameters that can form the basis of optimization. Such observations are not always easy to do with digital solutions like those from finite element analysis. Another advantage of closed-form solution is its speed in getting the answers, and it has no numerical convergence issue. ... This is an excellent textbook for teaching and also a reference for practicing engineers. I highly recommend it."